Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Effective drug delivery requires overcoming multiple biological barriers, including enzymatic degradation, immune clearance, and poor tissue penetration. This review systematically presents the design strategies for nanocarriers — including surface modification, stimuli-responsive release, and active targeting ligands — to enhance therapeutic index and specificity. We discuss recent advances in polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and exosome-based carriers, emphasizing their applications in cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders
Institutions: Al-Mustaqbal University, University of Babylon, Ministry of Health
Language: English
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4412878478