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General Concepts from the Risk Assessment and Hazard Identification of HTL-Derived Bio-Oil: A Case Study of the MARINES Project

Year: 2025

Type: conference-paper

Abstract: This study evaluates the risk assessment and hazard identification of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-derived bio-oil from the MARINES project, which converts military organic waste into fuel. The high oxygen content (35–50 wt%), acidic pH (2–4), and viscosity (10–1000 cP) of bio-oils pose unique challenges, including oxidative polymerization, corrosion, and micro-explosions during combustion. Key hazards include storage instability, particulate emissions (20–30% higher than diesel), and aquatic toxicity (LC50 < 10 mg/L for phenolics). Mitigation strategies such as inert gas blanketing, preheating, and spill containment are proposed. While offering renewable fuel potential, HTL bio-oil demands rigorous safety protocols for military/industrial deployment, warranting further experimental validation.

DOI: 10.3390/proceedings2025121012

Authors: Nicholas J. Daras, Paraskevi C. Divari, Constantinos C. Karamatsoukis, Konstantinos G. Kolovos, Theodore Liolios, Georgia Melagraki, Christos Michalopoulos, Dionysios E. Mouzakis

Institutions: Hellenic Military Academy, National Technical University of Athens

Language: English

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Funder: European Commission

OpenAlex ID: W4412913802

FWCI:

Cites: 4

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Related to: 10