Work

A novel 3D hemispherical reconfigurable antenna with a switchable radiation pattern using Butler matrix

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: In this paper, we present a compact three-dimensional hemispherical reconfigurable antenna system designed for 5G networks operating around 3.6 GHz. The proposed architecture combines a four-element Vivaldi antenna array with a passive [Formula: see text] Butler matrix to enable electronically switchable beams in three main directions: upward, rightward, and backward. Beam steering is achieved through a simple PIN diode switching network, eliminating the need for active phase control. Experimental measurements and full-wave simulations confirm consistent directivity and wide angular coverage, with an elevation coverage of approximately [Formula: see text] in the upper hemisphere and an azimuthal coverage of about [Formula: see text] in the XY-plane. These results underscore the system's suitability for dynamic wireless communication environments.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-14298-0

Authors: Amani Cherif, Sylvain Dubois, Mohamed Himdi, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, Ali M. Almuhlafi

Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, Université de Rennes, King Saud University

Language: English

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis

Subfield: Aerospace Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,690