Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spain was among the first countries to implement universal prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using nirsevimab, leading to a 60%-80% reduction in bronchiolitis hospital admissions. The main objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of infants admitted with bronchiolitis after RSV prophylaxis had been established. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 15 Spanish pediatric emergency departments during the 2023-2024 RSV season. We reviewed medical records coded as "acute bronchiolitis" of infants aged less than 12 months who were hospitalized. RESULTS: A total of 947 infants with bronchiolitis were included. Of these, 198 (20.9%) were ineligible for immunization because they were older than 6 months and had no comorbidities. Among the 749 (79.1%) infants who met the criteria for immunization, 377 (50.3%) received nirsevimab, of whom 159 (42.1%) tested positive for RSV, while 372 (49.7%) were not immunized, with 322 (86.5%) testing positive for RSV (p < 0.001). Among infants who were not immunized, the most common reason for not receiving nirsevimab was family refusal. Among infants with RSV bronchiolitis, there were no significant differences in PICU admission rates or length of stay between those who were immunized and those who were not. CONCLUSION: During the first nirsevimab campaign, most bronchiolitis admissions involved healthy children over 6 months of age who were not included in the target population, eligible infants who were not immunized, and immunized infants with non-RSV bronchiolitis. Further studies are needed to analyze the characteristics of immunized patients who are admitted with RSV bronchiolitis.
Source: Pediatric Pulmonology
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.71249
Authors: David Andina Martínez, Gemma Claret Teruel, Manuel Gijón Mediavilla, Esther Fernández Mozo, Amaia Cámara Otegui, Laura Baños López, Beatriz Jiménez de la Jara, Clara Ferrero García‐Loygorri, Victoria Sánchez Tatay, Svetlana Pavlovic Nesic, Nerea González Arza, Verónica Gimeno‐Hernández Garza, Jose Lorenzo Guerra Diez, Adrián Ranera Málaga, Silvia Escalada Pellitero, Clara Barrueco Ramos, Jose Antonio Alonso‐Cadenas, Impact of Universal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Spain Working Group
Institutions: Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostiako Unibertsitate Ospitalea, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institute of Research and Innovation Parc Tauli, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4413139707