Predictors of ultra-processed foods consumption in 4-year-old Spanish children

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has increased in recent decades, contributing to poor diet quality and certain health problems in early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate UPF consumption in 4-year-old children and determine maternal and child sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of UPF consumption. We analysed data for 1736 mother-child pairs from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente birth cohort study. Children's diets were parent-reported using validated food frequency questionnaires from which UPF consumption was calculated according to the NOVA classification. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and child UPF consumption in tertiles (low, intermediate, high). The mean (SD) daily UPF consumption was 414.6 (240.2)g/day, accounting for 32.8 % of the total daily intake. The main sources of UPF consumption were ultra-processed dairy products (44.3 %), ultra-processed beverages (17.8 %) and sweet foods (16.5 %). A higher maternal UPF consumption during pregnancy [RRR medium = 1.68 (95 %CI 1.23–2.30) and RRR high = 2.86 (95 %CI: 2.02–4.04)] and child television viewing [RRR >1.5 h/day = 1.65 (95 %CI: 1.21–2.25)] were positively associated with a higher child UPF consumption, whereas maternal age≥30 years was associated with reduced UPF consumption [RRR = 0.71 (95 %CI: 0.54–0.94)]. These associations remained similar when stratified by sex, although maternal age effect was not significant in sex-specific models. Medium and high UPF consumption of mothers during pregnancy, younger age at pregnancy, and more television viewing in children were associated with higher UPF consumption at age 4. The identification of factors associated with child UPF consumption could support the development of health promotion strategies aimed at reducing UPF consumption in children.

Source: Appetite

DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108268

Authors: Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio, Laura Torres-Collado, Alejandro Oncina-Cánovas, Guillermo Fernández-Tardón, Adonina Tardón, Loreto Santa-Marina Rodríguez, Ziortza Barroeta, Martine Vrijheid, Sarah Warkentin, Sabrina Llop, Raquel Soler-Blasco, Carolina Ojeda-Belokon, Manuela García-de-la-Hera, Jesús Vioque, Sandra González-Palacios

Institutions: Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of the Basque Country, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana

Language: English

Topic: Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Zero hunger

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,190

Funders: Universidad Miguel Hernández, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana

OpenAlex ID: W4413140666