Photoionization of phosphorous trichloride clusters at gigawatt intense laser field
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Photoionization study of PCl 3 clusters has been carried out using time-of-flight mass spectrometry at selected wavelengths of UV (266, 355 nm) and Visible (532 nm) region employing nanosecond laser pulses of intensity ∼10 9 W/cm 2 . At these three laser wavelengths, dissociated fragments such as P + , Cl + , PCl + and PCl 2 + are observed in the mass spectra. Formation of different fragments has been explained based on the multiphoton excitation at the respective wavelengths. Moreover, PCl 4 + ions are observed in 266 and 355 nm ionization of PCl 3 clusters. Generation of PCl 4 + is explained based on ion-molecule reaction within the ionized cluster. Using density functional theory (DFT), structure, ionization energy and absorption spectra of PCl 3 monomer and clusters have been calculated which helps to rationalize the experimental observation. Along with singly charged fragment ions, multiply charged atomic ions up to P 5+ (I.E: 65.1 eV) and Cl 4+ (I.E: 53.5 eV) are observed at 532 nm. Generation of multiply charged ions at such low laser intensity indicates efficient ionization of PCl 3 clusters. Formation of higher charge states can be explained based on “multiphoton ionization ignited-inverse bremsstrahlung heating–electron ionization”. Detailed study reveals that laser intensity, cluster size and ionization energy of the cluster constituents play an important role in governing the ionization dynamics under gigawatt laser intensity conditions. Thus, PCl 3 clusters exhibit diverse photochemical process as a function of laser wavelength at ∼10 9 W/cm 2 .
Institution: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,110
OpenAlex ID: W4413203052