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Kinematic Monitoring of the Thorax During the Respiratory Cycle Using a Biopolymer-Based Strain Sensor: A Chitosan–Glycerol–Graphite Composite

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: larvae shells. Chitosan was extracted using a sustainable, low-impact protocol and processed into a stretchable and flexible film through glycerol plasticization and graphite integration, forming a conductive biocomposite. The sensor, fabricated in a straight-line geometry to ensure uniform strain distribution and signal stability, was evaluated for its mechanical and electrical performance under cyclic loading. Results demonstrate linearity, repeatability, and responsiveness to strain variations in the stain sensor during mechanical characterization and performance, ranging from 1 to 15%, with minimal hysteresis and fast recovery times. The device reliably captured respiratory cycles during normal breathing across three different areas of measurement: the sternum, lower ribs, and diaphragm. The strain sensor also identified distinct breathing patterns, including eupnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea, and Kussmaul respiration, showing the capability to sense respiratory cycles during pathological situations. Compared to conventional monitoring systems, the sensor offers superior skin conformity, better adhesion, comfort, and improved signal quality without the need for invasive procedures or complex instrumentation. Its low-cost, biocompatible design holds strong potential for wearable healthcare applications, particularly in continuous respiratory tracking, sleep disorder diagnostics, and home-based patient monitoring. Future work will focus on wireless integration, environmental durability, and clinical validation.
Source: Biosensors
DOI: 10.3390/bios15080523
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,654
OpenAlex ID: W4413206772
FWCI: 0.469
Cites: 34
Cited by: 2
Related to: 10