Work

Willmore energy and total normalcy of knots

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: It is known that a knot is a closed, self-avoiding curve in 3-dimensional space. In the present article, we compute the total Normalcy and Willmore energy of knots under first order infinitesimal bending with modified orthogonal frame. Moreover, four illustrious examples with figures i.e. Trefoil knot, Figure eight knot, P3Q2 knot and P4Q3 knots, have been discussed and graphically presented to support the computations for bending parameter ? = 0 and ? > 0. Colors are used to illustrate normalcy values and Willmore energies at different points of these knots under infinitesimal bending.

Source: Filomat

DOI: 10.2298/fil2508655v

Authors: Ljubica Velimirovic, Mohammed Jamali, Mohammmad Shahid, Marija Najdanovic, Svetozar Rancic

Institutions: University of Nis, Jamia Millia Islamia, University of Priština - Kosovska Mitrovica, University of Prishtina

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Differential Geometry Research

Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: diamond

Funder: Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja

Award: G132497424