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Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in Saudi Arabia: Pathways to Early Diagnosis, Intervention, and National Policy

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hearing impairment is a significant public health issue globally, yet national data for Saudi Arabia remain sparse. METHODS: Using data from the 2017 Disability Survey, we analysed 12 hearing-related indicators across 13 administrative regions. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, cluster analysis, and residual mapping were applied to identify socio-demographic disparities and service gaps. FINDINGS: Among 20,408,362 Saudi nationals, about 1,445,723 (7.1%) reported at least one functional difficulty. Of these, 289,355 individuals (1.4%) had hearing impairment, either alone or with other difficulties-229,541 (1.1%) had hearing impairment combined with other disabilities, while 59,814 (0.3%) had only hearing impairment. Females and males were equally affected. Notably, educational attainment and marital status significantly influenced device uptake; less-educated and divorced individuals were particularly underserved. Regionally, southern provinces (Al-Baha, Jazan, and Najran) demonstrated the highest unmet need due to geographic barriers, limited audiological resources, and socioeconomic constraints, reflecting compounded risks from consanguinity and rural isolation. Cluster analyses identified provinces requiring urgent attention, recommending mobile audiology units, tele-audiology services, and means-tested vouchers to enhance coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite Saudi Arabia's existing public audiology services and a National Newborn Hearing Screening programme achieving 96% coverage, substantial gaps remain in follow-up care and specialist distribution, underscoring the necessity for systematic workforce tracking and enhanced rural incentives. International evidence from India and Brazil underscores the feasibility and cost-effectiveness (approximately USD 5200/QALY) of these recommended interventions. Implementing targeted provincial strategies, integrating audiological screening into routine healthcare visits, and aligning resource allocation with the WHO and Vision 2030 benchmarks will significantly mitigate hearing impairment's health, social, and economic impacts, enhancing the quality of life and societal inclusion for affected individuals.

Source: Healthcare

DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13161964

Authors: Ahmed Alduais, Hind Alfadda, Hessah Saad Alarifi

Institutions: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, King Saud University

Language: English

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation

Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience

Field: Neuroscience

Domain: Life Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Reduced inequalities

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,258