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Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Leading to Respiratory Failure in Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia: A Fatal Pulmonary Complication

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare and diagnostically challenging hematologic malignancy characterized by the co-expression of myeloid and lymphoid lineage markers. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with newly diagnosed MPAL who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) shortly after induction chemotherapy. Despite aggressive supportive care, including bronchoscopy-guided diagnosis, high-dose corticosteroids, antifibrinolytics, and lung-protective ventilation with prone positioning, her condition rapidly deteriorated into multi-organ failure and death. This case highlights the need for early recognition of pulmonary complications in high-risk leukemias and underscores the limitations of current management strategies in the setting of DAH complicating MPAL.

Source: Cureus

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.89713

Authors: Mariela Ginés-Rosario, Belissa Lopez-Pena, Zydnia Piñeiro, Maria C Perez-Mitchell, Ricardo Fernandez-Gonzalez

Institution: San Juan City Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research

Subfield: Hematology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W4413232732