Diffuse neuropsychiatric lupus: Clinical evidence, immune-mediated mechanisms, and therapeutic insights
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) occur in more than half of patients with SLE, with symptoms including fatigue, anxiety, depression, pain, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms are often present at the time of diagnosis of SLE and can be insidious. Patients consider these to be among their most debilitating symptoms which most diminish their quality of life, but recognition and attribution of these frequently non-acute symptoms can be difficult, resulting in underassessment, underdiagnosis, and poor understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and how to treat them. In this review, we highlight findings from neuroimaging studies which have been critical in proving the existence of structural and functional brain alterations that associate with symptomatology, and pathophysiological findings from animal models of diffuse NPSLE, focusing principally on blood brain barrier injury and brain-reactive autoantibodies. Most importantly, we demonstrate that mechanistic progress can be made with respect to these manifestations of NPSLE and that this progress leads to therapeutic strategies which can be tested in clinical trials. • The majority of patients with SLE experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. • Patients consider these manifestations the symptoms that most diminish their quality of life. • Neuroimaging and animal models help identify underlying mechanisms of NPSLE. • Blood brain barrier permeability and brain-reactive autoantibodies can cause symptoms of NPSLE.
Source: Seminars in Immunology
Institution: Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Language: English
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,370
Awards: G5079212746, G542565733
OpenAlex ID: W4413270271