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Innovative perspectives on energy management strategies for bidirectional DC-DC converters with hybrid storage integration in HEVs

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This review provides a thorough analysis of energy management strategies (EMS) used in bidirectional DC-DC converters for HEVs, focusing primarily on the incorporation of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that include fuel cells, such as Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), lithium-ion batteries, and ultra capacitors. Several converter topologies and sophisticated EMS techniques, including optimization-based algorithms, fuzzy logic control, model predictive control (MPC), and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), are assessed in this work. These strategies are assessed for their capabilities in delivering effective power exchange, voltage regulation, and real-time responsiveness. The aim is to critically analyze how these methodologies contribute to improved energy efficiency, enhanced system stability, and optimal control in dynamic driving conditions. The paper presents a critical comparison of these strategies based on control complexity, energy efficiency, scalability, and implementation feasibility in real-world HEV applications. Key technical challenges, including energy balancing, harmonics mitigation, interface standardization, and thermal management, are also addressed. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of current methodologies, this review aims to guide the design of robust and intelligent EMS frameworks. The study concludes by identifying research gaps and future directions to support the development of sustainable, reliable, and intelligent electric mobility systems.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106749
Authors: Ravindra Varma K, C. Dhanamjayulu
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,940
OpenAlex ID: W4413289740
FWCI: 1.267
Cites: 140
Cited by: 5
Related to: 10