Dietary fermented soybean meal in swine nutrition and effects on regulation of gut health, immune system and environment: a review
Year: 2025
Type: review
Abstract: In swine diets, fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has become a viable substitute for conventional soybean meal, providing advantages for immune system performance, gastrointestinal health, and environmental effect. This review summarises the data showing that FSBM: improves growth performance by raising the feed conversion ratio by 5%–10% and the average daily gain in weaned piglets by 8%–15% as a result of increased nutrient bioavailability. Improves gut health by increasing populations of good bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus spp. ↑ 25%–40%) and altering intestinal architecture, such as increasing villus height by 20%–30% and decreasing crypt depth by 10%–20%. Enhances mucosal immunity (e.g., IgA ↑ 20%–35%) and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α ↓ 15%–25%) to support immunological function. Contributes to sustainable pig production by reducing environmental effect by 10%–20% via nitrogen excretion and 15%–30% through ammonia emissions. Pig farmers may improve herd health, performance, and environmental impact by substituting FSBM for traditional soybean meal.
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2500101
Authors: Madesh Muniyappan, Sureshkumar Shanmugam, Shiqi Wang, Long Yuan, Cuipeng Zhu, Yanli Zhu, Haoyu Liu, Demin Cai, In Ho Kim
Institutions: Yangzhou University, Dankook University
Language: English
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $383
OpenAlex ID: W4413290817