Cabergoline-induced prolactinoma treatment and subsequent estrogen-driven vascular smooth muscle tumorigenesis in a middle-aged female: A case report
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Renal angioleiomyoma is an exceptionally rare benign tumor of smooth muscle origin, often discovered incidentally and easily mistaken for other differential diagnoses on imaging. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 34-year-old Puerto Rican woman with a history of prolactinoma treated with cabergoline, who was found to have a right renal-adrenal mass on imaging. She underwent successful laparoscopic resection. Histopathological analysis confirmed angioleiomyoma based on spindle cell morphology, positive immune markers, and a low Ki-67 index. DISCUSSION: Notably, this case suggests a potential hormonal etiology, with rebound estrogen elevation post-prolactinoma treatment possibly stimulating angiogenesis and smooth muscle proliferation via VEGF pathways. The absence of trauma, venous stasis, or genetic abnormalities supports a hormonally driven mechanism, meriting further exploration in hormonally active female patients. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the need for urologists and research fellows to consider hormonal history when evaluating incidental renal masses. Hormonal rebound following endocrine therapy may play an underrecognized role in tumor pathogenesis. Surgical excision remains the definitive treatment for diagnostic clarification and curative intent.
Institution: Ponce Health Sciences University
Language: English
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,090
OpenAlex ID: W4413291335