Work

Assessment of real-world driving patterns for electric vehicles: an on-board measurements study from Sweden

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study presents an analysis of the driving and charging patterns of passenger, battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) in Sweden. The analysis is based on 1 year of GPS logging data acquired through the on-board diagnostics port for 334 randomly selected EVs in Sweden. Included are 55 EV models with battery capacities in the range of 16–100 kWh. The results show that 70% of the electricity is charged at the home location, of which 86% is charged during overnight parking events. The maximum share of the investigated EV fleet charging simultaneously is 13% on average (at 00:10 hours). For 56% of the overnight parking events, the EVs arrive home with a state of charge (SOC) of 60% or more. For the EVs that arrive at the home location with 60% SOC, they are charged during 63% and 34% of the overnight charging events at home for the small (16–50 kWh)-battery and large (54–100 kWh)-battery EVs, respectively. The most-frequent parking duration is 14 hours, which is about four-times longer than the time needed for charging and, thus, offers possibilities for flexible charging in time and vehicle-to-grid services. In summary, this study shows that there is a large potential for smart/flexible charging at home, since the EVs often arrive home with a relatively high SOC and are parked at home, between two trips, for a much longer time than is needed to recharge the battery.

Source: Applied Energy

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126608

Authors: Yuki Kobayashi, Maria Taljegard, Filip Johnsson

Institution: Chalmers University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Sustainable cities and communities, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,430