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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Mimicking Tuberculosis in a Young Male: A Diagnostic Challenge

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: ABSTRACT: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can rarely present with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe hyperinflammatory state with high mortality if unrecognized. We report a 21-year-old male who presented with fever, ascites, pleural effusion, anemia, and acute kidney injury. Infectious causes were ruled out, and autoimmune markers confirmed SLE. Bone marrow biopsy showed hemophagocytosis, fulfilling HLH-2004 criteria for HLH. The patient responded well to corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine, with plans for cyclophosphamide and renal biopsy. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition of macrophage activation syndrome in SLE patients with systemic inflammation and cytopenias.

Source: Annals of African Medicine

DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_172_25

Authors: Prakash Shende, Tejas Anil Kore, Vivek Lapsiwala, Pranavi Kalakota

Institution: Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre

Language: English

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research

Subfield: Hematology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

OpenAlex ID: W4413356394

FWCI:

Cites: 3

Cited by:

Related to: 10