Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: A handful of stars are known to host both an inner system of multiple transiting planets and an outer giant planet. These systems all feature a prominent gap between the orbits of two of the transiting planets, distinguishing them from typical multiplanet systems with more uniform orbital spacings. The reason for the association between inner gaps and outer giants is unknown. In this paper, we assess whether undiscovered planets might occupy these gaps in systems with outer giants. For each of the four relevant systems—Kepler-48, Kepler-65, Kepler-90, and Kepler-139—we found that a typical small planet (∼1–20 M ⊕) could reside in the gap without inducing dynamical instability. However, in each case the gravitational influence of the outer giant planet is insufficient to tilt the orbit of the hypothetical planet by enough to prevent transits, strongly disfavoring a proposed theory for the observed gap–giant association. The gaps might instead contain smaller, undetected planets (≲ 1 R ⊕), or be entirely devoid of planets.
Source: The Astrophysical Journal
Authors: Caleb Lammers, Joshua N. Winn
Institution: Princeton University
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
Funder: Princeton University
OpenAlex ID: W4413362972