Work

FACE-Q craniofacial module: Normative data from a Dutch population in adolescence and young adulthood

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The FACE-Q Craniofacial Module is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that has undergone rigorous psychometric validation in patients with visible or functional facial differences, including patients with craniosynostosis. Normative data for the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module scales are currently unavailable for unaffected controls. This study aims to collect and analyze normative FACE-Q Craniofacial Module data from a Dutch population sample. METHOD: Dutch nationals aged 16-24 years without visible or functional facial differences were recruited by a third-party company for the online survey. Respondents completed FACE-Q Craniofacial Module scales from the appearance and health-related quality of life domains. Normative data were calculated as means and standard deviations and weighted based on national data. RESULTS: A total of 870 individuals responded to the survey, of which 160 were excluded from the analysis because of possible visible or functional facial differences. Women had significantly lower scores on many scales. Age influenced the scores for the face, forehead, head shape, and appearance distress scales significantly, with higher scores as age increases. Participants with a practical background only had significantly lower scores on the school functioning scale. CONCLUSION: Normative values for FACE-Q Craniofacial Module scales are provided derived from a Dutch sample of adolescents and young adults. This study demonstrates that sex and age had a significant influence on multiple FACE-Q scales. These normative values provide more context when interpreting FACE-Q scores in patients with visible or functional facial differences.

Source: Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2025.08.017

Authors: P.A.E. Tio, V.L. van Roey, P.A.J. van der Goes, C.E.E. de Vries, S.L. Versnel, I.M.J. Mathijssen

Institutions: Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Rotterdam

Language: English

Topic: Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments

Subfield: Genetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,470