A multi-period MILP model for optimal integration of battery energy storage systems and distributed generation in power distribution systems
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Optimal planning of distributed energy resources (DER), such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG), is essential to enhance the efficiency, operational performance, and sustainability of power distribution systems (PDS). However, DG placement often depends on investor decisions and local constraints, sometimes lacking system-level coordination. Prior studies have primarily employed metaheuristic approaches, which, while flexible and widely used, do not provide formal convergence guarantees and therefore may not ensure a globally optimal solution. This paper proposes a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the simultaneous optimal placement, sizing, and hourly operation of BESS and PV-DG in the PDS. A key contribution of this work is the incorporation and linearization of voltage and current constraints, enabling the formulation of a rigorous MILP framework that ensures global optimality. The model also incorporates multi-period optimization and seasonal variations in load and generation. The optimization is implemented using AMPL and is solved with CPLEX, providing a reliable and scalable solution framework. The proposed MILP model is validated on 33-bus, 69-bus, and practical 136-bus test systems. The results demonstrate significant reductions in energy losses (up to 43.6%), peak demand (up to 30.8% in the 69-bus), and annual energy costs (up to 53.9%) in the 69-bus test system. Furthermore, the model achieves superior computational efficiency and reproducibility compared to metaheuristic methods. In conclusion, the MILP-based strategy offers a robust and computationally efficient approach to integrate BESS and PV-DG into modern distribution systems. Facilitates optimal coordination of distributed energy resources, improves overall system performance, and paving the way for future scalable applications in larger networks. • Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for planning of BESS and PV-DG. • Multi-period optimization considers daily active and reactive power demand curves. • The MILP model ensures global optimality, surpassing traditional non-linear methods. • The MILP model is validated on the 33-bus, 69-bus, and 136-bus test systems. • The MILP model can be implemented using commercial optimization software.
Source: Results in Engineering
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,940
Awards: G4574446315, G7751904676
OpenAlex ID: W4413427768