Another Rare Cause of Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Following Cavernous Malformation Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Introduction: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare form of trans-synaptic degeneration involving the Guillain–Mollaret triangle, characterized by enlargement of the inferior olivary nucleus—unlike the atrophy typical of most neurodegenerative processes. It is usually associated with stroke, surgical injury, or demyelination, but rarely follows hemorrhage from a cavernous malformation (CM). This report presents a case of HOD secondary to a mesencephalic CM hemorrhage, with emphasis on imaging findings and diagnostic considerations. Case Description: A 55-year-old woman presented with acute-onset left-sided facial and limb hypoesthesia, central facial paresis, and gait instability. MRI revealed a hemorrhage in the posterior mesencephalon near the red nucleus, leading to the diagnosis of a CM with an associated venous angioma. She was managed conservatively and improved clinically. Six months later, MRI showed hypertrophy and T2/FLAIR hyperintensity of the left inferior olive, consistent with developing HOD. At 1.5-year follow-up, olivary enlargement had progressed—now consistent with stage 2 HOD—and a palatal tremor was noted. DTI revealed asymmetric volume loss in the left brainstem fiber pathways at the level of the medulla oblongata, confirming trans-synaptic degeneration. Conclusions: This case highlights HOD as a rare but important complication of mesencephalic CM hemorrhage. Recognition of its characteristic imaging features—olivary hypertrophy with persistent T2/FLAIR hyperintensity—is essential for accurate diagnosis. DTI supports the trans-synaptic mechanism, helping distinguish HOD from other pathologies and preventing unnecessary investigations.
Source: Diagnostics
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4413467363