Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper examines a tubular surface, a specific example of a canal surface, in 4-dimensional Euclidean space. In the plane stretched by the quasi-frame vectors B_q and C_q, this surface is established by the motion of a circle with a constant radius that uses each point on the curve a(t) as its center. Using the general equation provided in Euclidean 4-space, the first and second partial derivatives are determined. The Gram-Schmidt technique was used to derive the surface's first unit normal vector field U_1, and second unit normal vector field U_2, using the acquired partial derivatives. Using quasi-vectors, the tubular surface's first and second fundamental form coefficients were found. Furthermore, the shape operator matrices for the tubular surface's the unit normal vector fields U_1 and U_2 were acquired. We have found algebraic invariants of the shape operator, Gaussian curvature, and mean curvature. For a thorough understanding of the obtained theoretical calculations, an example of a directional tubular surface, the equation of the tubular surface has been parametrized using quasi-frame vectors and quasi-frame curvatures for a given space curve in 4-dimensional Euclidean space.
Authors: Başak Yağbasan, Cumali Ekici
Institution: Eskişehir Osmangazi University
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi
OpenAlex ID: W4413504463