Comparative analysis of lumped parameter and one-dimensional continuum models for droplet evaporation at elevated pressures and temperatures
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Droplet evaporation plays a critical role in a wide range of industrial and technological applications, from combustion engines to spray coating and refrigeration. While Eulerian-Lagrangian models are widely used for predicting droplet behavior, they often assume a uniform internal temperature, which may not be valid under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This study compares the traditional lumped parameter model ( LPM ) with a novel one-dimensional model employing a staggered grid ( 1D-SG ) approach. Both models are applied to water droplets in air over a broad range of initial diameters, relative velocities, and ambient pressures and temperatures. The analysis evaluates deviations in droplet lifetime and evaporation rate between the two approaches, emphasizing the influence of Biot number, which is more sensitive to pressure than to temperature. Results show that LPM remains accurate for small droplets and low convection conditions, with deviations under 1 %. However, for larger droplets and enhanced convection, discrepancies in evaporation rate and lifetime reach up to 6 % and 8 %, respectively. The findings demonstrate that while LPM is computationally efficient, its applicability depends on droplet size and flow conditions. The proposed 1D-SG model offers a more physically consistent alternative when higher accuracy is required, providing guidance for model selection in spray-related simulations.
Authors: Dávid Csemány, Róbert Kovács
Language: English
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,560
Awards: G4252322417, G583564632
OpenAlex ID: W4413513612