Comprehensive review of cellulose nanocrystals: preparation, properties, modifications and applications
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: A novel class of nanomaterials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have captivated a lot of attention because of their extraordinary mechanical qualities, renewability, as well as biocompatibility. This review provides an extensive overview of CNCs, beginning with an investigation of their preparation methods, including the use of ionic liquids, enzymatic treatment, acid hydrolysis, and TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The intrinsic properties of CNCs, such as their high crystallinity, barrier properties, use as a rheology modifier, and surface chemistry, are covered in detail. Surface modifications and composite formation are highlighted as key chemical modifications to improve the functionality and variety of applications of CNCs. The article highlights the wide range of industries that use CNCs, including packaging, food applications, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. This review brings to light the wider implications of CNCs and stimulate further advancement in their implementation and advancement and by synthesizing latest research and highlighting emerging trends.
Authors: Dharitri Sonowal, Khalid Mehmood Wani
Institution: Lovely Professional University
Language: English
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: Lovely Professional University
OpenAlex ID: W4413524196