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Structural Characterizations and In Vitro Bioactivities of a d -Fructose-Rich Polysaccharide from Gymnopetalum cochinchinense as a Potential Candidate for Alleviating Alzheimer’s Disease

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The presented investigation attempts to unveil the structural characteristics, bioactivities, and potential application of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense -derived d -fructose-rich heteropolysaccharide (denoted as PS-HB5) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Structural analyses of the PS-HB5 evaluated by FT-IR, GC–MS, and NMR techniques reveal a novel repeating unit composed of d -glucose and d -fructose linked through (1 → 6)-glucosyl, (2 → 6)-fructosyl, and (2 → 4)-fructosyl bonds, and possesses a molecular weight of 1.217 × 10 5 Da. The PS-HB5 exhibits strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates of 84.12% and 74.14%, associated with the IC 50 values of 0.80 and 3.06 mg.mL –1, respectively. In addition, the PS-HB5 shows an inhibition rate of 78.37% (IC 50 = 221.96 μg.mL –1 ) toward nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Cytotoxicity assays indicate selective inhibition of the PS-HB5 against HepG2 and KB cancer cell lines (IC 50 = 449.95 and 408.34 μg/mL), with minimal impact on MCF-7 and SK-LU-1. Interestingly, PS-HB5 demonstrates an outstanding AChE inhibitory effect, achieving 41.01% inhibition at 500 μg.mL –1, placing it among the most active AChE-inhibitory polysaccharides. These findings unveil the PS-HB5 potential as a candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Source: ACS Omega

DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c05628