Work

Challenges and Disadvantages of PVA-Based Media Application in Wastewater Treatment: A Mini-Review

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: In this mini-review, we compiled various types of Polyvinyl-alcohol-based hydrogel construction recipes and methodologies, categorizing them based on their added materials or production methods for wastewater applications. This classification is vital for identifying recipes that require improvement in future research and for analyzing their practical parameters, such as durability, surface area, and cleaning efficiency. To evaluate their potential for long-term use, we examined the durability of these groups. D- and E-type media demonstrated notable durability, exhibiting lower degradation rates compared to A- and B-types. Additionally, we gathered information on the measuring technologies available for assessing the specific surface area of these media, a crucial parameter for both biological and adsorbent applications. Based on the available data, we recommend enhancing the quality and quantity of measurements by integrating and improving microscopic analysis and adsorption techniques. Furthermore, these hydrogels showed superior cleaning capacities compared to traditional carriers, with D- and E-types excelling in adsorption capabilities, while the C-type exhibited exceptional potential for biological treatment.

Source: Environments

DOI: 10.3390/environments12090294

Authors: Tamás Kloknicer, Anita Szabó, Dániel Benjámin Sándor, Genoveva Filipcsei

Institutions: Obuda University, Inno-Water (Hungary)

Language: English

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications

Subfield: Molecular Medicine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Clean water and sanitation

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,172