Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Thermogalvanic cells offer a promising route for harvesting low-grade heat by utilizing temperature-dependent redox reactions at spatially separated electrodes. Their potential for low-cost, flexible, and sustainable energy conversion makes them attractive for scalable applications; however, practical implementation is limited by challenges in modular integration and manufacturability. Here, we report the development of a fully printed thermogalvanic module (TGM) that integrates screen-printed hybrid current collectors, activated carbon-based electrodes, an adhesive sealing layer, and a laser-drilled spacer. This fully additive and scalable fabrication strategy enables the precise assembly of complex architectures without traditional stacking or wiring. The resulting 36-cell TGM, employing widely available aqueous electrolytes, demonstrates a reproducible thermopower of 38 mV K –1 and a peak output power of 9 μW under a modest 14 K temperature difference. This work demonstrates a practical pathway toward large-area printed thermogalvanic systems for ambient heat harvesting and paves the way for future integration into flexible and wearable energy platforms.
Source: ACS Applied Energy Materials
Authors: Pedro Candiotto de Oliveira, Naveed ul Hassan Alvi, Najmeh Zahabi, Filippa Wentz, Kathrin Freitag, Lars Herlogsson, Ujwala Ail, Zia Ullah Khan, Igor Zozoulenko, Reverant Crispin, Dan Zhao
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
OpenAlex ID: W4413666227