Levodopa-Induced dyskinesia in Latin America: Prevalence and associated clinical factors in the LARGE-PD cohort
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Although levodopa remains the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), its chronic use is associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a motor complication that impacts prognosis, quality of life, and treatment costs. Most known LID-associated factors have been identified in European-descendant populations. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of LID in Latin American and Caribbean (LATAM) countries and assess the relevance of known and novel LID-associated factors in this population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Latin American Research consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson's Disease (LARGE-PD). We included PD patients with information on LID status and levodopa use from eight LATAM countries. LID prevalence was calculated overall and by country. Countries were compared on demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression was used to identify associations with LID. Results: A total of 3,695 PD patients (58.8% male) were included. Overall LID prevalence was 25.4% [95% CI: 24.06-26.87], ranging from 9.3% in Colombia to 45.1% in Puerto Rico. Prevalence increased progressively with longer disease duration. Country comparisons showed that not all known LID-associated factors explained prevalence differences. In logistic regression, fast disease progression was significantly associated with LID (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.16-2.07), while sex was not (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.87-1.18). Conclusions: This is the largest study on LID epidemiology in LATAM. While some known risk factors remain relevant, others, like sex, do not, underscoring the need for population-specific studies. Future work should integrate environmental, clinical, and genetic data to better understand LID mechanisms.
Source: Journal of Parkinson s Disease
Authors: Henry Mauricio Chaparro-Solano, Daniel Teixeira-dos-Santos, Emily Waldo, Thiago P. Leal, Miguel Inca-Martinez, Sarael Alcauter, Alejandra Medina-Rivera, Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras, Mario Cornejo-Olivas, Koni Mejia-Rojas, Cintia Armas, Pedro Chana-Cuevas, Natalia Rojas, Jorge L. Orozco, Beatriz Munoz Ospina, David Aguillon, Omar Buritica, Sonia Moreno Masmela, Vitor Tumas, Artur F. S. Schuh, Carlos Roberto Rieder, Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato, Juliana S. Duarte, Susana L. Peña, Mayela Rodríguez-Violante, Ana Jimena Hernández-Medrano, Emilia M. Gatto, Gustavo Andres Da Prat De Magalhaes, Gonzalo Arboleda, Marcelo Andres Kauffman, Sergio Alejandro Rodriguez-Quiroga, Angel Vinuela, Alan Osvaldo Espinal Martinez, Pedro Braga-Neto, Sarah Camargos, Elias Fernandez-Toledo, Cesar Luis Avila, Francisco Eduardo Cardoso, Patricio Olguin, Vanderci Borges, María Valentina Müller, Marcelo Merello, Ana Rosso, Daniel Martinez-Ramirez, Dario Sergio Adamec, Marcela Susana Tela, Grace Helena Letro, Denise H. Nicaretta, Ignacio F. Mata
Institutions: Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad Científica del Sur, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Pará, Universidad Dr. Andrés Bello, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ponce Health Sciences University, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, University of Concepción, National University of Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, University of Chile, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Hospital Posadas, Hospital Fernández, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, American Parkinson Disease Association, Parkinson's Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad de Chile, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Awards: G17242615, Identifying novel Parkinson'Âs disease genes exploring understudied Latino populations, G3307139934, Additional Sequencing for the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) the Follow-Up Study (FUS), The Diverse Population Initiative, G5692151645, G5799723201, G6539510299, Machine-learning model for predicting levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a large cohort of Latinos with Parkinson’s Disease
OpenAlex ID: W7154753191