Work

Towards AMS measurements of 91Nb, 94Nb and 93Mo produced in fusion environment

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Long-lived radionuclides, such as 91 Nb, 94 Nb and 93 Mo, are expected to be produced in nuclear fusion reactors by reactions of high-energy neutrons with the structural material. Accurate predictions of waste categorization require experimental validation of simulation codes like FISPACT-II. This work explores the use of Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry (ILIAMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA) to measure these three radionuclides by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The ILIAMS setup employs laser photodetachment to suppress their respective stable isobars: 91 Zr, 94 Zr and 94 Mo, and 93 Nb. For 91,94 Nb measurements, NbO 3 − is selected, with interferences from ZrO 3 − suppressed by collisions with the He buffer gas in the ion cooler. The suppression can be enhanced by overlapping a 355 nm laser with the ion beam. The lower limit for the suppression factor is 37000. In that way, we reach 91 Zr/ 93 Nb and 94 Zr/ 93 Nb levels of 1.2 × 10 −14 and 1.8 × 10 −14 , respectively, in targets prepared from commercial Nb 2 O 5 . MoO 3 − is suppressed by a factor of 4360, leading to a 94 Mo/ 93 Nb interference of 1.28 × 10 −10 in the same targets. For 93 Mo measurements, MoO 2 − is selected, with interference from NbO 2 − suppressed by 637 nm photons by a factor of 5.5 × 10 6 . This results in a 93 Nb/ nat Mo level of 1.3 × 10 −13 in targets prepared from commercial MoO 3 . Suppression factors as high as this are not achieved by isobar suppression techniques based on differences in energy loss, not even by AMS facilities with terminal voltages above 8.5 MV.

Source: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165847