In-Solution Characterization of Biomolecular Interaction Kinetics under Native Conditions
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT Characterizing the kinetics of biomolecular interactions is fundamental for understanding biological mechanisms, devel-oping novel drugs for advancing healthcare and for optimizing processes in protein engineering. Although modern sur-face-based methods have advanced our understanding of protein-protein and protein-ligand kinetics, they rely on immobilized samples, preventing the study of interactions under native conditions and leading to an incomplete understanding. In this work, we propose a paradigm shift by introducing a new method based on flow-induced dispersion analysis to study interaction kinetics while keeping biomolecules in solution, eliminating the need for surface immobilization and thereby preserving molecular mobility and avoiding structural constraints. The method examines reactions outside equilibrium conditions by inducing a rapid concentration change in one of the binding partners (C-Jump) in a controlled microfluidic environment. Notably, it operates without buffer restrictions and requires only minimal sample quantities. We demonstrate C-Jump’s capability by accurately determining the association and dissociation rates of both protein-protein and protein-small molecule interactions. Furthermore, we validate its robustness by measuring the rates of a protein-protein interaction in human serum as well as a protein-small molecule interaction in-solution and label free. This under-lines C-Jump’s broad applicability for studying biomolecular interactions under native conditions, offering a powerful tool for advancing protein engineering and drug discovery, as well as enabling the characterization of previously inaccessible interactions. TABLE OF CONTENT This work presents C-Jump, a breakthrough method for the direct measurement of kinetic rates in solution, closely mimicking physiological conditions. Utilizing flow-induced dispersion analysis, C-Jump determines rate constants with high accuracy for protein–protein and protein– small molecule interactions. Free from buffer constraints and requiring only nanograms of protein, it can operate label-free, transforming biomolecular interaction studies across biophysics, chemistry, and medicine.
Source: Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Philipp Willmer, Emil G. P. Stender, Kritika Sahni Ray, Adam C. Hundahl, Rodolphe Marie, Henrik Jensen
Institution: Technical University of Denmark
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
Funder: Innovationsfonden
Award: G4004979494
OpenAlex ID: W4413821590