Work

Selective disruption of DNMT1/ELK1 interactions induces DGKI re-expression and promotes temozolomide sensitivity of MGMTmethylated/DGKImethylated glioblastoma

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of agents for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, particularly in malignancies with limited therapeutic options such as glioblastoma (GB). In GB, the MGMT/DGKI methylation profile serves as a biomarker for stratifying patients by treatment response. Specifically, the MGMT methylated /DGKI unmethylated profile is associated with favorable outcomes, whereas the MGMT methylated /DGKI methylated profile correlates with poor outcome. These findings suggest that selective demethylation of DGKI without altering MGMT or inducing widespread genomic hypomethylation, which may promote tumorigenesis, could represent a novel and more effective therapeutic strategy. Current DNMT inhibitors lack specificity for glioblastoma relevant methylation profiles, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, AlphaFold-based protein–protein interaction predictions were integrated with sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and established DNMT1 interactome data. This integrative approach led to the identification of a DNMT1/ELK1 complex as a critical regulator of DGKI methylation. A peptide mimicking the DNMT1/ELK1 interface, designated EXD DNMT1/ELK1 , was designed and shown to induce selective DGKI demethylation without altering MGMT or inducing global DNA hypomethylation. Notably, EXD DNMT1/ELK1 did note promote cellular proliferation or invasion, and successfully restored sensitivity to standard glioblastoma therapy in both cellular and in vivo models. These findings also support the use of MGMT and DGKI methylation levels in cell-free DNA as potential biomarkers to identify patients likely to benefit from EXD DNMT1/ELK1 treatment. This study identifies a clinically actionable biomarker ( MGMT Methylated / DGKI Methylated ), detectable in both solid and liquid biopsies, enabling patient stratification. Furthermore, it establishes EXD DNMT1/ELK1 as a highly selective epigenetic therapeutic agent to treat GB patients.

Source: Clinical Epigenetics

DOI: 10.1186/s13148-025-01943-8