Work

POLKE: A system for comprehensively annotating pedagogically-oriented grammatical structure use in language production

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Analysing a speaker’s language, in particular their usage of certain vocabulary and grammatical structures, can give insights into their linguistic abilities and cognitive competence. Traditional approaches to characterising language production typically incorporate linguistic complexity metrics, which, while useful for various tasks such as learner proficiency evaluation and text readability assessment, have limited pedagogical relevance. There have been calls for more fine-grained annotations of linguistic structures in recent research, particularly in the field of second language acquisition, where grammar is a central part of second language learning. However, there is a lack of comprehensive tools for systematically analysing detailed grammatical structures. To address this gap, we present POLKE (Pedagogically Oriented Language Knowledge Extractor), a tool for automatically annotating English grammar use based on the English Grammar Profile. In this paper, we introduce the POLKE system and report the results of its evaluation.

Source: Research Methods in Applied Linguistics

DOI: 10.1016/j.rmal.2026.100336

Authors: Nelly Sagirov, Xiaobin Chen

Institution: University of Tübingen

Language: English

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques

Subfield: Artificial Intelligence

Field: Computer Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Quality education

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,000