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Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cross the blood–brain barrier and are effective treatments for brain metastases. However, patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases are excluded from ICI trials. We describe a case of a patient with a history of multiple sclerosis (MS) on interferon who developed urothelial cancer metastatic to the brain. He was treated with pembrolizumab for about 1 year without any immune-related adverse events or MS flares. This case suggests the safety of the administration of ICIs with immune-modulating treatment of MS in patients with limited treatment options for brain metastases.

Source: Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases

DOI: 10.7326/aimcc.2025.0169

Authors: Marsenne Cabral, Nikhita Kathuria-Prakash, Michael Shodiya, Lidia P. Lopez, Banafsheh Salehi, Alexandra Drakaki

Institution: University of California, Los Angeles

Language: English

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Subfield: Oncology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W4413921490

FWCI:

Cites: 10

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Related to: 10