Work

Employment models for general practitioners in england: evidence from repeated surveys

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recruitment and retention of General Practitioners (GPs) is a global challenge in primary care. Traditionally, GPs in the UK have worked as self-employed partners. However, policy changes in England have allowed for salaried GP positions within primary care partnerships. The effects of these different employment models on recruitment and retention remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of partnership vs. salaried employment models on GP job satisfaction, job pressures, and intentions to reduce working hours in England. METHODS: Data from nine waves of the national GP Worklife Survey (2001-2019) were analysed using multivariate regression models. The analysis adjusted for several GP characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and number of children. RESULTS: Salaried GPs reported higher satisfaction with working hours but lower satisfaction with income compared to partner GPs. Partner GPs experienced higher job pressures and were more likely to intend to reduce their working hours within five years. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible working arrangements, such as salaried positions, may enhance job satisfaction and retention among GPs, helping to address workforce challenges in primary care. Targeted policies are needed to mitigate job pressures and improve satisfaction, particularly among partner GPs.

Source: Health Policy

DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105425

Authors: Jonathan Martin Gibson, Sean Urwin, Sharon Spooner, Kath Checkland, Matt Sutton

Institution: University of Manchester

Language: English

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Challenges

Subfield: General Health Professions

Field: Health Professions

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Decent work and economic growth, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,220