A3Verkle Trie: A world state tree organization model oriented to active accounts
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: With the updates and development of blockchain technology, the traditional Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT), used for storing and verifying the blockchain's world state, faces bottlenecks in efficiency and scalability. Some blockchains have adopted the Verkle Trie as a storage structure to maintain the world state, ensuring data traceability and verifiability. However, the increasing number of transactions on the blockchain has made data expansion a challenging issue. Given the varying impacts of different account behaviors on data growth in blockchain networks, this paper proposes a blockchain world state organization structure and update method based on Verkle Trie, specifically targeting active accounts. First, we heuristically introduce account activity as a core attribute and apply tailored storage schemes to accounts with differing activity levels, thereby leveraging the respective strengths of various storage structures. To complement this account model, we further pioneer a two-phase branch-conversion strategy. Next, the state storage model for active accounts is optimized, and a red-black tree-based hash tree model is proposed, reducing the maintenance costs of intermediate nodes in the state tree and improving query efficiency. Finally, we explicitly incorporate a semi-reconstruction state-verification model to safeguard the security of the proposed structure. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this world state construction approach in terms of both time and space efficiency. • Proposed a world state organization structure and update method for active accounts. • Improved the original Verkle Trie storage scheme. • Proposed an account classification model based on activity level. • Proposed a two-Stage branch transformation strategy. • Proposed a semi-reconstructed state verification model and demonstrated its security.
Authors: Yihao Wu, Lanju Kong
Institution: Shandong University
Language: English
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,600
OpenAlex ID: W4413923486