Sex differences in the redox response to fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5) air pollution protects female mice against metabolic and cardiac injury
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases the cardiometabolic disease risk. While there is extensive research on how PM2.5 impairs cardiometabolic health in male mice, its health impact is largely unexplored in females. To examine PM2.5‐induced cardiometabolic effects in females, female and male mice (n = 10/group) on a regular (12 h:12 h, RLC) or disturbed (18 h:6 h, DLC) light–dark cycle were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) for 30 days. In females, CAP exposure neither impacted glucose tolerance nor skeletal muscle or liver insulin sensitivity. Western blot analysis of cardiac insulin signaling in females and males showed that CAP impaired insulin‐stimulated phospho‐Akt in the heart of male mice but did not impair cardiac insulin signaling in females. While CAP exposure increased circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased plasma nitrite (NOx) in male mice, females were protected against CAP‐induced systemic oxidative/nitrosative stress. Similarly, CAP exposure increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and depleted glutathione only in the male lungs. Interestingly, in females, CAP increased pulmonary oxidized‐glutathione (GSSG) without decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH) indicating advanced pulmonary antioxidant defense in female mice also supported by higher pulmonary antioxidant enzymes mRNA abundance. Our results show that female mice are protected against cardiometabolic PM2.5 toxicity possibly by preventing PM2.5‐induced pulmonary oxidative stress.
Source: Physiological Reports
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70536
Authors: Michael Kitching, Amanda Ribble, Ashley Wright, Aruni Bhatnagar, Petra Haberzettl
Institution: University of Louisville
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,050
Awards: Air Pollution, Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Cardiometabolic Disease, G2717130427, Effects of Air Pollution on Stem Cell Health, G3907548836, Center for Excellence in Diabetes and Obesity Research, G7880091319, G9000212967, G9000296217, Summer Environmental Health Sciences Training Program
OpenAlex ID: W4413926338