Application of Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Combined with Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Detection of Ten Toxins in Wild Mushrooms
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Wild mushroom poisoning is an emerging global food safety issue, especially in subtropical regions like southwestern China, where incidents are geographically clustered. Current detection methods are often time-consuming and overlook region-specific toxins. We developed a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the simultaneous detection of ten characteristic mushroom toxins prevalent in Guizhou, China. The method combines graphite multi-walled carbon nanotubes (G-MWCNTs) for sample preparation with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Wild mushroom samples were extracted via ultrasonic-assisted methanol–water extraction, purified using G-MWCNTs, and separated on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm). Gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid + 0.01% ammonia and acetonitrile; quantification used the external standard method. The method achieved LODs of 0.005–0.2 mg/kg and LOQs of 0.015–0.6 mg/kg, with RSDs below 18.11% and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9936–0.9989). Among 45 wild mushroom samples, toxin levels ranged from 0.032 to 445.10 mg/kg, with a detection rate of 22.22%, suggesting notable poisoning risk. This method reduces pretreatment time while ensuring high analytical performance, offering a reliable tool for rapid toxin screening and supporting regional surveillance of wild mushroom poisoning.
Source: Toxins
Institution: Zunyi Medical University
Language: English
Subfield: Toxicology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,258
OpenAlex ID: W4413984537