Trends in infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease over a decade (2014–2024): a retrospective case-series
Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women with pelvic inflammatory disease over time, to inform contemporary testing and management practices. Design Retrospective case-series. Setting Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), Melbourne, Australia Population or Sample Women with PID defined by presence of a minimum of uterine, adnexal and/or cervical motion tenderness. Methods The proportion of PID cases tested for, and with CT, NG, MG, and/or BV detected at MSHC between 2014-2024 was reviewed retrospectively. Main Outcome Measures The proportion of PID cases with the four infections detected over a decade. Results Among 3,000 PID cases, 15% (431/2882) had CT, 3% (97/2874) had NG, 11% (300/2811) had MG, and 31% (857/2767) had BV. There were 2557 (85%) cases tested for all four infections; 927 (36%) had one and 256 (10%) had >1 infection. Among 2,149 (84%) non-CT/NG PID cases, 26% had BV and 6% had MG detected, with 4% co-infected with BV and MG. Over the decade, BV testing rose from 80% to 90% (P trend <0.001) and detection from 24% to 40% (P trend <0.001). MG testing also increased (91% to 98%, (P trend <0.001), along with detection (6% to 14%,P trend <0.001). Conclusions Among non-CT/NG PID cases, the detection of BV and MG was common and increased over time. Prospective case-control and sequencing studies are needed to determine the aetiologic contribution of BV, MG and other additional candidate organisms to PID.
Authors: Htaik K, Catriona Bradshaw, Erica Plummer, Laura Matthews, Malhotra N, Wild N, Eric Chow, Lenka Vodstrcil
Institution: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre
Language: English
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4413986759