Serum Levels of miR-34a-5p, miR-30b-5p, and miR-140-5p Are Associated with Disease Activity and Brain Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: In recent years, research has focused on biomarkers as key tools to predict clinical outcomes and guide therapeutic decisions in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MicroRNAs (miRs)—small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level—have emerged as promising biomarkers in MS due to their accessibility in biological fluids. This study investigates the role of specific serum miRs mainly involved in immune response regulation as potential prognostic biomarkers in MS, focusing on young patients with recent diagnosis. The study had a prospective design, involving a cohort of patients followed in the Hub and Spoke MS network of Verona province. Fifty-one patients (33F) aged 18–40 years with recent MS diagnosis (≤2 years; 45 relapsing-remitting, 6 primary progressive) were consecutively enrolled. At baseline, serum samples were collected for miR analysis alongside clinical-demographic and MRI data, including T2 lesion volume, normalized brain volume (NBV), gray matter volume, white matter volume (WMV) calculated at baseline and annual percentage brain volume change (PBVC) and occurrence of new T2 or gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions on follow-up scans. Candidate miRs were chosen based on their potential biological role in MS pathogenesis reported in the literature. miRs assays were done using real-time PCR and expressed as a ratio relative to a normalizer (i.e., miR-425-5p). Levels of miR-34a-5p were significantly higher in patients with Gd+ lesions (p < 0.001) and correlated to lower NBV (rho = −0.454, p = 0.001) and WMV (rho = −0.494, p < 0.001). Conversely, miR-140-5p exhibited a protective effect against occurrence of new T2 or Gd+ lesions over time (HR 0.43; IC 95% 0.19–0.99; p = 0.048). Additionally, miR-30b-5p correlated directly with PBVC (adjusted rho = −0.646; p < 0.001). These findings support the potential of serum miR-34a-5p, miR-140-5p, and miR-30b-5p as markers of disease activity and progression in patients with recently diagnosed MS.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms26178597
Institution: University of Verona
Language: English
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,499
Award: G143529219
OpenAlex ID: W4413989669