The Critical Mass-Limit in Black Hole Evolution: A Prediction of Unified Fractal Quantum Field
Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: The prevailing view of black holes in classical general relativity permits unbounded growth, culminating in a singular, physics-breaking endpoint. While quantum gravity approaches aim to resolve the singularity, the question of a fundamental upper mass limit remains open. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework based on a Unified Fractal Quantum Field Theory (UFQFT) that predicts a natural saturation point for black hole mass. By reinterpreting the black hole interior not as a singularity but as a fractal core where the wavefunctions of constituent quarks and particles merge into a single, cohesive structure, we derive an effective repulsive Ψ-charge. We demonstrate that the gravitational pressure () and this repulsive pressure () achieve equilibrium at a critical charge-to-mass ratio =≈8.62×10−11C/kg. This balance implies a critical mass () for any black hole, beyond which growth is halted by a prospective bounce or mass-shedding phase transition. We parameterize the mass dependence of the effective repulsion, α(M), and show how can be tuned to align with astrophysical observations, from stellar-mass to supermassive black holes. Our model not only offers a mechanism to evade the singularity but also provides testable predictions for the black hole mass spectrum and the extreme activity of quasars, potentially explaining why black holes cannot grow indefinitely.
DOI: 10.31224/5298
Author: Hacı Soğukpınar
Institution: Adıyaman University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4414013201