Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Patterns of Presentation, Anatomical Variability, and Surgical Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Setting
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Introduction: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital midline neck mass, arising due to the incomplete involution of the embryonic thyroglossal tract.Though frequently seen in the paediatric age group, TGDC can present at any age with varied anatomical locations and clinical features.This study aimed to analyse the age, sex distribution, anatomical variations, clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and histopathological findings of TGDC in a defined population. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 15 patients with clinically and radiologically diagnosed TGDC at a tertiary care centre.Detailed history, physical examination, and imaging (ultrasound ± CT) were performed.All patients underwent FNAC followed by surgical excision-either the Sistrunk procedure or simple excision-based on intraoperative findings.Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, and postoperative follow-up was done for three months.Results: The patients ranged in age from 4 to 42 years (mean ± SD: 18.6 ± 10.4 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1.Most cysts were located in the infrahyoid region (66.7%), and 86.7% showed movement with tongue protrusion.Infection was present in 20%, and sinus tracts in 13.3%.The Sistrunk procedure was performed in 80% of patients and was associated with no recurrence.One recurrence was noted following simple excision.Histopathology confirmed TGDC in all cases; ectopic thyroid tissue was found in 26.7%, with no malignancy.Conclusion: TGDC shows considerable clinical and anatomical variation.Accurate diagnosis and complete excision using the Sistrunk procedure are essential to minimize recurrence and ensure favourable outcomes.
Author: Prashant Kumar
Institution: Lady Hardinge Medical College
Language: English
Topic: Head and Neck Anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414034107