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Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Metformin and Ojeok-san in Healthy Volunteers

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin and Ojeok-san (OJS) co-administration to healthy volunteers compared to those with metformin alone. Methods: This was an open-label, one-sequence, crossover study, with two 2-day hospitalization schedules lasting up to 14 days. Metformin was administered once daily on days 1 and 2. OJS was administered alone three times a day on days 3– 7 and co-administered with metformin once a day on days 8 and 9. Plasma concentrations of metformin were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. To evaluate pharmacodynamics, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed on days 1, 2, 8 and 9. Results: Fifteen participants were enrolled. The coadministration decreased C max (1757.7 to 1668.9 ng/mL) and AUC last (10407.4 to 9901.1 ng·h/mL), compared to those with metformin alone. Geometric mean ratios (90% Confidence Interval) of C max and AUC last between the co-administration with OJS and metformin alone were 92.15% (82.79– 102.57) and 94.57% (85.6– 104.48), respectively. Co-administration with OJS did not significantly change the mean glucose level compared to that with metformin alone. Conclusion: Co-administration with OJS decreased the plasma concentrations of metformin compared to that with metformin alone. However, the degree of decrease was not significant based on the geometric mean of the C max and AUC last . Considering the OGTT results, these changes in metformin concentration did not affect glucose concentration. In addition, there were no significant findings regarding safety profiles. Keywords: metformin, ojeok-san, drug-herb interaction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics

Source: Drug Design Development and Therapy

DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s526915