Work

Micro‐Embolic Events and Their Clearing in the Brain. A Narrative Review

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The cerebral circulation is continuously challenged by intravascular micrometer-sized particles that become trapped microvascular-emboli. These particles may include micro-thrombi, stiffened erythrocytes, and leukocytes, while also fat particles, air, and microplastics may cause microvascular embolism. REVIEW SCOPE: In this narrative review, we discuss these embolization processes and their acute and chronic consequences. These relate to the local flow interruption as well as the direct interaction with the endothelium. In addition, we address the clearing processes, including local thrombolysis and extravasation, or angiophagy, of the emboli. CONCLUSION: A continuous balance exists between embolic events and their resolution under normal conditions. Increased micro-embolic rates, as occur in e.g., atrial fibrillation, or decreased clearing, possibly related to endothelial cell dysfunction, disturb this balance. This could lead to continuing loss of capillaries, micro-infarcts, and cognitive decline.

Source: Acta Physiologica

DOI: 10.1111/apha.70098

Authors: Kevin Mol, Inge A. Mulder, Ed van Bavel

Institutions: Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam

Language: English

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $5,150