Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This review explores the cognitive effects of psychotropic medications with a particular emphasis on memory function across different age groups. Drawing on evidence from 94 meta-analyses and multiple clinical and preclinical studies, the article examines how antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other psychiatric drugs influence learning, attention, and memory performance. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may transiently impair memory during treatment initiation, long-term effects are often neutral or mildly positive. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), however, carry substantial anticholinergic burden, leading to attention deficits and memory impairment, especially in elderly patients. Antipsychotic use in older adults is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and increased dementia risk, highlighting the importance of cautious prescribing. In contrast, aripiprazole stands out for its unique pharmacological profile, demonstrating favorable outcomes on working memory, verbal fluency, and executive function, while avoiding common metabolic and prolactin-related side effects. Clinical recommendations emphasize the need for individualized treatment selection, minimizing anticholinergic load, and regular monitoring of cognitive function. Ultimately, the preservation of memory and cognitive integrity should be considered an essential therapeutic goal alongside symptom management in psychiatric care.
Authors: Heimann N, Handzlik I, Myszkowska B
Institution: Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414114108