Toward Smart School Mobility: IoT-Based Comfort Monitoring Through Sensor Fusion and Standardized Signal Analysis
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: As smart cities evolve, integrating new technologies into school transportation is becoming increasingly important to ensure student comfort and safety. Monitoring and enhancing comfort during daily commutes can significantly influence well-being and learning readiness. However, most existing research addresses isolated factors, which limits the development of comprehensive and scalable solutions. This study presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, generalized IoT-based system for monitoring comfort in school transportation. The system processes multiple environmental and operational signals, and these data are transmitted to a cloud computing platform for real-time analysis. Signal processing incorporates standardized metrics, such as root mean square (RMS) values from ISO 2631-1 for vibration assessment. In addition, machine learning techniques, including a Random Forest classifier and ensemble-based models, are applied to classify ride comfort levels using both road roughness and environmental variables. The results show that stacked multisensor fusion achieved a significant improvement in classification performance compared with vibration-only models. The platform also integrates route visualization with commuting time per student, providing valuable information to assess the impact of travel duration on school mobility.
Source: IoT
DOI: 10.3390/iot6030055
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,448
OpenAlex ID: W4414249870