Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We measure the entropy change of charge transitions in an electrostatically defined quantum dot in bilayer graphene. Entropy provides insights into the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of both ground and excited states beyond transport measurements. For the one-carrier regime, the obtained entropy shows that the ground state has a twofold degeneracy lifted by an out-of-plane magnetic field. This observation is in agreement with previous direct transport measurements and confirms the applicability of this novel method. For the two-carrier regime, the extracted entropy indicates a nondegenerate ground state at zero magnetic field, contrary to previous studies suggesting a threefold degeneracy. We attribute the degeneracy lifting to the effect of Kane-Mele-type spin-orbit interaction on the two-carrier ground state, which has not been observed before. Our Letter demonstrates the validity and efficacy of entropy measurements as a unique, supplementary experimental tool to investigate the degeneracy of the ground state in quantum devices built in materials such as graphene. This technique, applied to exotic systems with fractional ground state entropies, will be a powerful tool in the study of quantum matter.
Source: Physical Review Letters
DOI: 10.1103/vbbj-138r
Institutions: ETH Zurich, National Institute for Materials Science
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, Graphene Flagship, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, European Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, H2020 European Research Council
OpenAlex ID: W4414258639