Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Seeking mass patterns is a key to decoding the unknown flavor puzzles in particle physics. Inspired by quark hierarchical masses, the mass matrix can universally be factorized into a family-diagonal phase matrix $$K_L^q$$ K L q and a real symmetric matrix $$M_N^q$$ M N q characterized by only two parameters. The factorized structure provides model-independent rules to the mass matrix. We demonstrate that the large $$\delta _{CP}$$ δ CP naturally arises from the degeneracy of the first two quark families in the mass hierarchy limit. As an application, the flat pattern with elements close to unity in the matrix is checked by fitting quark masses and the CKM mixing. It achieves a precise description of flavor structure with minimal parameters.
Source: The European Physical Journal C
Author: Ying Zhang
Institution: Xi'an Jiaotong University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414314982