Generalized free energy of black holes and nucleated bubbles in the gauged Kaluza–Klein theory
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We explore the phase emergence and corresponding phase transitions of charged dilaton $$\text {AdS}$$ AdS black holes in the gauged Kaluza–Klein theory in the context of the generalized free energy. The black hole solutions are asymptotic to the AdS $$_D$$ D geometry, and one can obtain them from the dimensional reduction of gauged supergravities on the compact internal manifolds, leading to the restriction as $$4\le D\le 7$$ 4 ≤ D ≤ 7 . In the canonical ensemble, we classify the black hole thermodynamics into three different classes as follows: (i) $$D=4$$ D = 4 , (ii) $$D=5$$ D = 5 , and (iii) $$D=6,7$$ D = 6 , 7 . In the grand canonical ensemble, the black hole thermodynamics is independent on the number of spacetime dimensions and the pressure, but it depends on the chemical potential $$\Phi $$ Φ . As a result, we classify the black hole thermodynamics as follows: (i) $$\Phi <1$$ Φ < 1 , (ii) $$\Phi >1$$ Φ > 1 , and (iii) $$\Phi =1$$ Φ = 1 . In addition, we show that the asymptotically AdS solutions can provide a scenario where our Universe lives on a nucleated bubble mediating the decay of unstable AdS space. We point out a minimum value for the scale factor in the case of a neutral bubble by which the initial curvature singularity can be removed. We obtain a dS universe corresponding to the late-time evolution of the nucleated bubble, avoiding the constraint of the dS conjecture.
Source: The European Physical Journal C
Authors: Tran N. Hung, Cao H. Nam
Institutions: Phenikaa University, Duy Tan University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414347798