Paradoxical Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient With AIDS: A Case Report
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV). It predominantly affects individuals with compromised immune systems, especially those living with AIDS. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is a paradoxical event that can occur in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), where the immune system's recovery triggers a damaging inflammatory response. We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient with a history of AIDS and PML who was recently restarted on ART and presented with worsening left-sided weakness. She was managed for paradoxical PML and IRIS, and received steroids along with ART, with significant improvement.
Source: Cureus
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.92745
Authors: Ibtisam A Ibrahim, Priscila Lopez, Vel Sivapalan
Institution: Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414378388