Work

Bacterial L-forms: Key Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, Disease Recurrence, and Immune Evasion

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: : Bacteria enter the L-form state after shedding their cell walls in response to adverse conditions for survival; these bacteria can revert to their walled morphology after the unfavorable factors are removed. Bacterial L-forms can be either unstable (typically observed in clinically isolated and induced L-forms) or stable (associated with two specific mutation types). In recent years, bacterial L-forms have been implicated in antibiotic resistance, disease recurrence, and origin of life. However, because identifying bacterial L-forms is difficult, they are often overlooked in clinical settings. In this review, we elucidate the relationships of bacterial L-forms with their cell walls, mutation, proliferation, antibiotic resistance, and disease recurrence, as well as with the host immune system. We also highlight the challenges and future prospects for bacterial L-form research.

Source: Indian Journal of Microbiology

DOI: 10.1007/s12088-025-01522-8

Authors: Songling Lei, Dan Chen, Junliang Wu, Kewang Hu, Mingli Zhu

Institutions: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Xixi hospital

Language: English

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

Subfield: Genetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,290