Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: A dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Aims. We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star on a relatively long orbit of 18.26 days, by combining new photometric and spectroscopic observations. Methods. We analyzed new space-based photometry from TESS and CHEOPS, as well as 61 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We performed individual and joint photometric and RV analyses using several modeling tools within a Bayesian model comparison framework. Results. We refined the radius and mass of the transiting planet TOI-2141 b to 3.15 ± 0.04 R ⊕ and 20.1 ± 1.6 M ⊕ to levels that are five and two times more precise, respectively, than the previously reported values. Our radial velocity analysis reveals two additional non-transiting companions with orbital periods of 5.46 and 60.45 days. Despite the innermost planet’s high geometric transit probability, we found no evidence of transits in the photometric data. Conclusions. The bulk properties of TOI-2141 b suggest a significant volatile envelope atop an Earth-like core. The modeling indicates a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that could have experienced mild photoevaporation over the system’s history. Planets b and c are believed to exhibit a modest mutual inclination of at least ~2.4°.
Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Authors: R. Luque, K. W. F. Lam, J. Cabrera, A. Bonfanti, Y. Eschen, G. Olofsson, W. Benz, N. Billot, A. Brandeker, A. C. M. Correia, L. Fossati, D. Gandolfi, H. P. Osborn, C. Pezzotti, S. G. Sousa, T. G. Wilson, S. Wolf, Y. Alibert, R. Alonso, J. Asquier, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, F. Biondi, L. Borsato, C. Broeg, A. Collier Cameron, Sz. Csizmadia, P. E. Cubillos, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, A. Deline, O. D. S. Demangeon, B.-O. Demory, A. Derekas, B. Edwards, J. A. Egger, D. Ehrenreich, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, M. Fridlund, K. Gazeas, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. N. Günther, A. Heitzmann, Ch. Helling, K. G. Isaak, T. Keller, L. L. Kiss, J. Korth, J. Laskar, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Leleu, M. Lendl, D. Magrin, G. Mantovan, P. F. L. Maxted, B. Merín, C. Mordasini, V. Nascimbeni, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, D. Piazza, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, D. Ségransan, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Stalport, S. Sulis, Gy. M. Szabó, S. Udry, B. Ulmer, S. Ulmer-Moll, V. Van Grootel, J. Venturini, E. Villaver, N. A. Walton, D. Wolter
Institutions: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, University of Warwick, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, University of Bern, Center for Space and Habitability, University of Geneva, Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, University of Turin, ETH Zurich, University of Liège, Universidade do Porto, Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, European Space Agency, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Centro de Astrobiología, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics, University of St Andrews, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Lund University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Eötvös Loránd University, Space Research Organisation Netherlands, Leiden Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Vienna, Graz University of Technology, Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, University of Padua, Keele University, European Space Astronomy Centre, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, University of Cambridge
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,865
OpenAlex ID: W4414403129